292例国人正常胎儿枕额径及双顶径的外测量分析

经对292例正常胎儿枕额径和双顶径的外测量,结果表明,枕额径和双顶径都随着胎龄的增长而增大,但其生长速度则随着胎龄的增长而逐渐减慢。经回归分析原理,分别得出预测方程。枕额径增长的速度和双顶径增长的速度没有明显差异(P>0.05)。     

雷米普利降低高血压患者心房颤动发生率以及改善左心房内径临床观察

目的观察血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂(ACEI)雷米普利降低高血压患者心房颤动(AF)发生率及对左心房内径的影响。方法将180例原发性高血压患者分为治疗组(90例)和对照组(90例)。治疗组给予雷米普利(2.5～15)mg/d口服,连服50个月。对照组苯磺碳氨氯地平(2.5～10)mg/d口服,连服50个月。结果治疗50个月后治疗组AF发生率3.4%,对照组AF发生率为8.05%;治疗组左心房内径缩小(2.0±1.5)mm,对照组左心房内径缩小(0.0±1.6)mm。2组相比P<0.05,有统计学意义。结论雷米普利可降低高血压患者AF的发生率并缩小左心房内径。     

主动脉夹层血肿36例的诊治分析

目的　探讨主动脉夹层血肿的临床特点及诊治方法。方法　回顾性分析 3 6例主动脉夹层血肿的临床资料 ,分析其临床特点、误诊情况、影像学诊断及内科治疗。结果　 86.1%的病例有高血压史和现症高血压 ,其中合并冠心病 7例、糖尿病 4例、高脂血症 17例 ;88.9的病例有胸、腰背或腹痛并呈游走性 ;经治疗病情缓解出院 2 8例 ,占 77.8% ;死亡 8例 ,病死率为 2 2 .2 %。结论　结合临床表现和影像学检查 ,发现内膜撕裂口、钙化的内膜内移或真假腔 ,是确诊主动脉夹层血肿的关键     

血管内覆膜支架置入治疗降主动脉夹层动脉瘤

目的 :介绍血管内覆膜支架置入治疗降主动脉夹层动脉瘤的初步经验。材料与方法 :本组 6例 Debakey 型的慢性降主动脉夹层动脉瘤患者行血管内覆膜支架置入治疗。经股动脉将 Talent覆膜支架置于夹层动脉瘤裂口处 ,支架张开使覆膜支架固定于裂口附近的主动脉壁上将裂口封闭并阻断血流。结果 :6例病人均获得成功 ,手术和临床成功率 10 0 %。 1例患者术中出现内漏 ,置入第二枚支架后漏口封闭。平均随访 7个月 ,所有患者内膜裂口全部完全封闭 ,假腔内血栓形成无内漏 ,假腔均明显缩小。结论 :血管内覆膜支架置入治疗主动脉夹层动脉瘤具有安全可靠 ,患者术后恢复快的优点     

Effects of Dopexamine on Lipid Peroxidation During Aortic Surgery in Pigs: Comparison with Dopamine

OBJECTIVE: We investigated the dose-related effect of dopexamine and dopamine on free radical production and lipid peroxidation estimated by MDA measurements in an ischaemia-reperfusion model of supraceliac aortic repair. DESIGN: Prospective, randomized, blinded experimental study. MATERIALS: Twenty-five healthy pigs. METHODS: All experiments were performed under general endotracheal anaesthesia. Supraceliac aortic cross clamping was performed in all pigs. The pigs were randomly assigned into five groups (n=5 in each group) and received a continuous intravenous infusion of normal saline (CTL), dopamine 2 microg kg(-1)min(-1) (dopa 2), dopamine 8 microg kg(-1)min(-1) (dopa 8), dopexamine 2 microg kg(-1)min(-1) (dopex 2), dopexamine 8 microg kg(-1)min(-1) (dopex 8). Cardiac output, mean arterial pressure, arterial blood gas analysis and blood sampling for plasma MDA measurements (to reveal lipid peroxidation) were recorded after induction of anaesthesia (baseline), 60 and 120 min after cross-clamping of aorta (ischaemia phase), and 60 and 120 min after restoration of flow (reperfusion phase). RESULTS: Dopexamine and dopamine at 8 microgkg(-1)min(-1) reduced MDA at 60 and 120 min after reperfusion. CONCLUSION: Dopexamine seems superior to dopamine in reducing oxygen free radicals and subsequent lipid peroxidation during reperfusion after supraceliac aortic cross clamping in pigs.     

多普勒超声心动图对主动脉夹层诊断的评价

本文报道了5例主动脉夹层的多普勒超声心动图的阳性所见,其中4例为DeBakey Ⅲ型,1例为Ⅰ型。其阳性所见;(1)4例降主动脉增宽,1例升主动脉增宽;(2)与脉搏同步的摆动性内膜瓣在腹主动脉内最清楚见到,并在收缩期有红色血流填充;(3)2例在主动脉弓远端可见撕裂口;(4)降主动脉双腔形成,真腔内有彩色血流填充,假腔内则无。以上阳性所见对诊断本病起重要作用。     

老年腹主动脉瘤患者腔内隔绝围手术期脑保护

目的探讨老年腹主动脉瘤患者腔内隔绝围手术期脑保护及其临床意义。方法根据有无实施脑保护将69例老年腹主动脉瘤行腔内隔绝治疗的患者随机分成两组:保护组38例,对照组31例。对两组术后脑血管意外及脑功能障碍情况进行对比分析。结果两组的年龄、入院时血压、手术时间差异均无统计学意义。两组均未发生死亡和出血性脑卒中。保护组术后谵妄发生率低于对照组(分别为5.3%和41.9%,P<0.05),术后住院时间少于对照组(分别为9.1±3.2d和16.7±5.8d,P<0.05);术后缺血性脑卒中保护组0例,对照组3例,两组比较无统计学意义(0%和9.7%,P>0.05)。结论对老年腹主动脉瘤接受腔内隔绝治疗的患者围手术期采取脑保护能降低脑血管意外和维持大脑功能,有利于患者术后恢复。     

Diagnosis and management of severe atherosclerosis of the ascending aorta and aortic arch during cardiac surgery: focus on aortic replacement

Objective: Severe atherosclerosis of the ascending aorta and arch frequently causes difficulties during heart operations, hindering surgical manoeuvres and potentially leading to systemic embolism. The aim of our study was to assess the safety and effectiveness of replacing the atherosclerotic ascending aorta in this setting. Methods: Aortic atherosclerosis was characterized by epiaortic ultrasonographic scanning in 90.1% of 1927 consecutive adult patients undergoing cardiac operations, and by computed tomographic chest scanning in selected cases. Thirty-six of the 152 patients requiring major derangements from our standard practice due to aortic atherosclerosis underwent replacement of the ascending aorta and constitute the study group. Replacement of the aorta was extended to the arch in 13 cases (36.1%). It was associated with single or multiple valve surgery in 34 patients (94.4%) and with coronary revascularization in 30 (83.3%). Two patients (5.6%) underwent coronary bypass grafting without valve surgery. A cryoablation procedure was associated in three patients with permanent atrial fibrillation. Deep hypothermic circulatory arrest was employed in 34 patients (94.4%), while proximal aortic disease allowed conventional distal crossclamping in 2 cases. The risk of operative mortality was estimated by the logistic EuroSCORE both with and withholding the variable ‘surgery of the thoracic aorta’. All survivors were followed-up for 1–41 months (16 ± 12). Results: Two patients died in the hospital (5.6%) and two during follow-up, for a cumulative survival of 91.3% and 85.6% at 1 and 3 years, respectively (hospital deaths included). The hospital death rate compared favourably with the expected estimates of 25.5% (p < 0.05) and 10.3% (p = 0.67) obtained by the EuroSCORE full model and without ‘aortic surgery’, respectively. In-hospital adverse neurologic events occurred in six patients (16.7%), including stroke in one patient (2.8%) and neurocognitive disturbances in five (13.9%), although they were all transient and cleared before discharge. Excess bleeding required re-exploration in four patients (11.1%), and one more patient underwent emergency grafting for acute postoperative coronary occlusion. Ten patients (38.5%) were intubated for longer than 24 h. Conclusion: Despite significant perioperative morbidity, replacement of the severely atherosclerotic aorta is worth consideration to avert expectedly higher death and stroke rates.     

Peripheral Seeding of Mycotic Aneurysms from an Infected Aortic Stent Graft

Aortic stent graft infection is rare and there are no reported cases of seeded peripheral mycotic aneurysms complicating this condition. We describe the case of a 54 year old man who developed a late stent graft infection at three years, resulting in the peripheral seeding of three mycotic aneurysms with two incidents of rupture. He was successfully treated with extra-anatomic bypass of the aorta and both surgical and endovascular repair of his peripherally seeded mycotic aneurysms.